Pre-Writing

Egyptian 0

Uruk V

Uruk IV

Uruk III

Proto-Elamite

Linear Elamite

ED I-II

ED IIIa

ED IIIb

Ebla

Old Akkadian

Old Elamite

Harappan

Lagash II

Ur III

Old Assyrian

Early Old Babylonian

Old Babylonian

Unknown

Adab (mod. Bismaya) [174]

Alalakh (mod. Tell Açana/Atshana) [342]

Ašnakkum (mod. Chagar Bazar) [67]

Anšan (mod. Tell Malyan) [10]

Assur (mod. Qalat Sherqat) [65]

Bad-Tibira (mod. Tell Medinah) [2]

Bābili (mod. Babylon) [163]

Borsippa (mod. Birs Nimrud) [3]

Der (mod. Tell Aqar) [2]

Dilbat (mod. Deilam) [501]

Dilmun (mod. Qal'at al-Bahrain) [11]

Dūr-Abī-ēšuḫ (mod. uncertain) [413]

Ebla (mod. Tell Mardikh) [9]

Ešnunna (mod. Tell Asmar) [77]

Gasur/Nuzi (mod. Yorgan Tepe) [1]

Girsu (mod. Tello) [131]

Gubla (mod. Byblos) [1]

Harradum (mod. Khirbet ed-Diniye) [3]

Hursagkalama (mod. Ingharra) [1]

Irisagrig (mod. uncertain) [18]

Isin (mod. Bahriyat) [174]

Kazallu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Kish (mod. Tell Barguthiat) [1]

Kish (mod. Tell Ingharra) [91]

Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir) [696]

Kisurra (mod. Abu Hatab) [30]

Kutalla (mod. Tell Sifr) [192]

Kutha (mod. Tell Ibrahim) [1]

Lagaba (mod. uncertain) [247]

Lagash (mod. El-Hiba) [8]

Larsa (mod. Tell as-Senkereh) [2033]

Maškan-šapir (mod. Tell Abu Duwari) [1]

Malgium (mod. Tell Yassir) [4]

Marad (mod. Wanna-wa-Sadum) [6]

Mari (mod. Tell Hariri) [8906]

Me-Turran (mod. Tell Haddad) [232]

Nagar (mod. Tell Brak) [1]

Nerebtum (mod. Iščali) [514]

Nineveh (mod. Kuyunjik) [6]

Nippur (mod. Nuffar) [10200]

Pī-Kasî (mod. Tell Abu Antiq) [358]

Puzriš-Dagan (mod. Drehem) [5]

Qattara (mod. Tell al Rimah) [374]

Shaduppum (mod. Tell Harmal) [374]

Shuruppak (mod. Fara) [1]

Sippar-Amnanum (mod. Tell ed-Der) [646]

Sippar-Yahrurum (mod. Tell Abu Habbah) [4524]

Susa (mod. Shush) [975]

Susarra (mod. Tell Shemshara) [258]

Terqa (mod. Ashara) [27]

Tigunānum (mod. uncertain) [7]

Tuttul (mod. Tell Bi'a) [327]

Tutub (mod. Khafaje) [157]

Umma (mod. Tell Jokha) [48]

Ur (mod. Tell Muqayyar) [2482]

Uruk (mod. Warka) [934]

Zabalam (mod. Ibzaikh) [2]

Ṭābetu (mod. Tell Taban) [2]

Šubat-Enlil (mod. Leilan) [21]

uncertain (mod. Abu Halawa) [22]

uncertain (mod. Abu Jawan) [9]

uncertain (mod. Bardi Sanjian Bitwata) [8]

uncertain (mod. Dura-Europus) [2]

uncertain (mod. Hamadan) [2]

uncertain (mod. Hillah) [3]

uncertain (mod. Himrin/Tell Suleimah) [2]

uncertain (mod. Ibzaih) [8]

uncertain (mod. Ishan-Dhahak) [3]

uncertain (mod. Kermanshah) [3]

uncertain (mod. Khan Haswa) [1]

uncertain (mod. Mahmudiyah) [1]

uncertain (mod. Sar-i-pul-i-Zohāb) [4]

uncertain (mod. Sepphoris) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tall al-Farḥa) [2]

uncertain (mod. Tell Abu Harmal) [5]

uncertain (mod. Tell Abu Nakhlab) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell Hammam et-Turkman) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell Muhammad) [34]

uncertain (mod. Tell Sabaa) [12]

uncertain (mod. Tell Yelkhi) [2]

uncertain (mod. Tell al-Diba'i) [30]

uncertain (mod. Tell al-Lahm) [2]

uncertain (mod. Tell es-Seeb) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tilmen Höyük) [2]

uncertain (mod. Tuz Hurmati) [5]

uncertain (mod. Šišin) [6]

uncertain (mod. uncertain) [7964]

unclear [16832]

Middle Assyrian

Middle Babylonian

Unknown

Adab (mod. Bismaya) [5]

Akhetaten (mod. el-Amarna) [377]

Alalakh (mod. Tell Açana/Atshana) [292]

Antipatris (mod. Tel Aphek) [2]

Arrapha (mod. Kirkuk) [16]

Assur (mod. Qalat Sherqat) [4]

Bābili (mod. Babylon) [24]

Borsippa (mod. Birs Nimrud) [1]

Curium (mod. Kourion Cyprus) [1]

Dur-Kurigalzu (mod. Aqar Quf) [16]

Dur-Untaš (mod. Chogha Zanbil) [6]

Ekalte (mod. Tell Munbaqa) [98]

Emar (mod. Tell Meskene) [1312]

Eridu (mod. Abu Shahrain) [1]

Gasur/Nuzi (mod. Yorgan Tepe) [2457]

Girsu (mod. Tello) [1]

Hamath (mod. Hama) [1]

Isin (mod. Bahriyat) [12]

Isqalluna (mod. Ashkelon) [1]

Kabnak (mod. Haft Tappeh) [23]

Kalhu (mod. Nimrud/ Tawfiqiyah) [4]

Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta (mod. Tulul al-ʿAqir) [1]

Karkemish (mod. Djerabis) [1]

Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir) [16]

Kisurra (mod. Abu Hatab) [2]

Larsa (mod. Tell as-Senkereh) [3]

Marad (mod. Wanna-wa-Sadum) [1]

Nineveh (mod. Kuyunjik) [5]

Nippur (mod. Nuffar) [5154]

Sippar-Amnanum (mod. Tell ed-Der) [1]

Sippar-Yahrurum (mod. Tell Abu Habbah) [4]

Surkh Dum (mod. Sorḵdom) [1]

Susa (mod. Shush) [7]

Thêbai (mod. Thebes Beoticia Greece) [2]

Tigunānum (mod. uncertain) [3]

Ugarit (mod. Ras Shamra) [1216]

Umma (mod. Tell Jokha) [1]

Ur (mod. Tell Muqayyar) [118]

Uruk (mod. Warka) [21]

Šahdad (mod. Kerman) [1]

Šapinuwa (mod. Ortaköy) [1]

Ḫattusa (mod. Boğazkale) [25]

uncertain (mod. Abu Fandowa) [1]

uncertain (mod. Failaka) [2]

uncertain (mod. Hazor) [2]

uncertain (mod. Hillah) [1]

uncertain (mod. Jemdet Nasr) [1]

uncertain (mod. Megiddo) [2]

uncertain (mod. Ras Ibn Hani) [2]

uncertain (mod. Sepphoris) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tas-Silg, Malta) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell Fray) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell Subeidi) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell el-Hesi) [1]

uncertain (mod. Uluburun) [1]

uncertain (mod. uncertain) [307]

unclear [1431]

Middle Elamite

Middle Hittite

Neo-Assyrian

Unknown

Alalakh (mod. Tell Açana/Atshana) [1]

Apqu-ša-Adad (mod. Tell Abu Marya) [7]

Assur (mod. Qalat Sherqat) [2633]

Bābili (mod. Babylon) [164]

Borsippa (mod. Birs Nimrud) [12]

Dilbat (mod. Deilam) [5]

Dur-Katlimmu (mod. Tall Shekh Hamad) [1]

Dur-Kurigalzu (mod. Aqar Quf) [2]

Dur-Šarrukin (mod. Khorsabad) [34]

Ešnunna (mod. Tell Asmar) [1]

Girsu (mod. Tello) [2]

Gubla (mod. Byblos) [1]

Guzana (mod. Tell Halaf) [1]

Huzirina (mod. Sultantepe) [436]

Idu (mod. Hīt) [1]

Imgur-Enlil (mod. Balawat) [50]

Kahat (mod. Tell Barri) [2]

Kalhu (mod. Nimrūd) [4]

Kalhu (mod. Nimrud/ Tawfiqiyah) [2507]

Kar-Mullissu (mod. Karamles) [1]

Karkemish (mod. Djerabis) [1]

Kilizu (mod. Qasr Shamamuk) [23]

Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir) [11]

Kutalla (mod. Tell Sifr) [2]

Larsa (mod. Tell as-Senkereh) [2]

Ma'allanate (mod. uncertain) [1]

Me-Turran (mod. Tell Haddad) [4]

Nineveh (mod. Kuyunjik) [25702]

Nineveh (mod. Nebi Yunus) [9]

Nippur (mod. Nuffar) [77]

Pārśa (mod. Persepolis) [2]

Qattara (mod. Tell al Rimah) [1]

Samal (mod. Zinčirli) [2]

Seleucia (mod. Tell 'Umar) [1]

Shaddikanni (mod. Tell Ajaja) [3]

Sippar-Yahrurum (mod. Tell Abu Habbah) [119]

Susa (mod. Shush) [2]

Tarbisu (mod. Tell Sherif Khan) [35]

Terqa (mod. Ashara) [1]

Til Barsip (mod. Tell Ahmar) [7]

Tushhan (mod. Ziyaret Tepe) [35]

Umma (mod. Tell Jokha) [3]

Unqi (mod. Tell Ta'ynat) [10]

Ur (mod. Tell Muqayyar) [48]

Uruk (mod. Warka) [96]

Ḫadatu (mod. Arslan Tash) [6]

Šibaniba (mod. Tell Billa) [7]

uncertain (mod. Aşağı Yarımca) [2]

uncertain (mod. Abu-Maria) [1]

uncertain (mod. Babil, Turkey) [2]

uncertain (mod. Bavian) [4]

uncertain (mod. Beisan) [1]

uncertain (mod. Ben Shemen) [2]

uncertain (mod. Cave Kalm-karra) [2]

uncertain (mod. Dohuk) [1]

uncertain (mod. Himeri) [1]

uncertain (mod. Jerwan) [10]

uncertain (mod. Judi Dagh) [7]

uncertain (mod. Kibbutz Hama-apil) [2]

uncertain (mod. Kizkapanlı) [1]

uncertain (mod. Kurkh) [3]

uncertain (mod. Lacarna) [1]

uncertain (mod. Mila Mergi) [2]

uncertain (mod. Nahr el-Kelb) [2]

uncertain (mod. Negub tunnel) [2]

uncertain (mod. Old Makhmur) [1]

uncertain (mod. Pāra) [1]

uncertain (mod. Rabat Tepe) [2]

uncertain (mod. Saba'a) [1]

uncertain (mod. Samarra) [3]

uncertain (mod. Tell Abta) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell Fakhariyah) [2]

uncertain (mod. Tell Huweish) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell Yarah) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell al-Hawa) [16]

uncertain (mod. Tell al-Lahm) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell en-Nasbeh) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tepe Gawra) [2]

uncertain (mod. Tikrit) [2]

uncertain (mod. Tulul al-Lak) [2]

uncertain (mod. el-Ghab) [2]

uncertain (mod. uncertain) [991]

unclear [1112]

Neo-Babylonian

Unknown

Adab (mod. Bismaya) [1]

Alu-ša-BAD-MAH-AN (mod. uncertain) [1]

Alu-šabtu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Alu-ša-šuma-ukin (mod. uncertain) [3]

Alu-binatu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Assur (mod. Qalat Sherqat) [2]

Baḫe (mod. uncertain) [3]

Ba-milkišu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Bābili (mod. Babylon) [742]

Bit-ṭab-bel (mod. uncertain) [1]

Bit-šar-Babili (mod. uncertain) [1]

Bit-ḫulummu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Borsippa (mod. Birs Nimrud) [263]

Dilbat (mod. Deilam) [31]

Elammu (mod. uncertain) [4]

Emar (mod. Tell Meskene) [1]

Epurasie (mod. uncertain) [1]

Eridu (mod. Abu Shahrain) [9]

GARIN-naḫallum (mod. uncertain) [1]

Gasur/Nuzi (mod. Yorgan Tepe) [1]

Girigu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Harran (mod. Harran) [21]

Hummanu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Hurruba (mod. uncertain) [1]

Hursagkalama (mod. Ingharra) [1]

Kalhu (mod. Nimrud/ Tawfiqiyah) [2]

Kanesh (mod. Kültepe) [1]

Kar-bel-matati (mod. uncertain) [1]

Kish (mod. Tell Ingharra) [3]

Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir) [96]

Kish (mod. Tell el-Bender) [1]

Kumu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Larsa (mod. Tell as-Senkereh) [79]

Marad (mod. Wanna-wa-Sadum) [10]

Me-Turran (mod. Tell Haddad) [1]

Naṣir (mod. uncertain) [1]

Nereb (mod. Neirab) [1]

Nineveh (mod. Kuyunjik) [6]

Nippur (mod. Nuffar) [745]

Pārśa (mod. Persepolis) [2]

Seleucia (mod. Tell 'Umar) [26]

Sippar-Amnanum (mod. Tell ed-Der) [1]

Sippar-Yahrurum (mod. Tell Abu Habbah) [1311]

Surru (mod. uncertain) [2]

Susa (mod. Shush) [8]

Tema (mod. Tayma) [12]

Udannu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Umma (mod. Tell Jokha) [4]

Upi (mod. Opis) [3]

Ur (mod. Tell Muqayyar) [401]

Uruk (mod. Warka) [5426]

Ḫadiranu-ša-Nabu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Šaḫrinu (mod. uncertain) [1]

uncertain (mod. 'Ana) [8]

uncertain (mod. Aqabi) [2]

uncertain (mod. Glai'a) [4]

uncertain (mod. Jemdet Nasr) [1]

uncertain (mod. Mah-i-dasht plain) [4]

uncertain (mod. Padakka/Ha'it, Saudi Arabia) [2]

uncertain (mod. Sela) [2]

uncertain (mod. Sepphoris) [1]

uncertain (mod. Sidon) [1]

uncertain (mod. Sur Jar'a) [18]

uncertain (mod. Tell Abu Qubur) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell al-Lahm) [4]

uncertain (mod. Uhudu) [1]

uncertain (mod. uncertain) [862]

unclear [7001]

Ṣurmeš (mod. uncertain) [2]

Achaemenid

Unknown

Adab (mod. Bismaya) [1]

Agamatanu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Alu-eššu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Aqa (mod. uncertain) [1]

Bābili (mod. Babylon) [440]

Bit-ali-... (mod. uncertain) [1]

Bit-Šaḫṭu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Bit-zerija (mod. uncertain) [2]

Borsippa (mod. Birs Nimrud) [298]

Der (mod. Tell Aqar) [1]

Dilbat (mod. Deilam) [5]

Ecbatana (mod. uncertain) [12]

Ešura (mod. uncertain) [1]

Gišši (mod. uncertain) [1]

Halicarnassus (mod. Halicarnassus) [1]

Hursagkalama (mod. Ingharra) [1]

Kalhu (mod. Nimrūd) [1]

Kanesh (mod. Kültepe) [1]

Kapri-ša-naqidati (mod. uncertain) [1]

Kapru (mod. uncertain) [1]

Kar-Nabu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Kish (mod. Tell Ingharra) [1]

Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir) [2]

Kutha (mod. Tell Ibrahim) [2]

Larsa (mod. Tell as-Senkereh) [7]

Marad (mod. Wanna-wa-Sadum) [2]

Naḫalla (mod. uncertain) [1]

Nippur (mod. Nuffar) [866]

Pārśa (mod. Persepolis) [2192]

Qasr-i Abu Nasr (mod. uncertain) [1]

Qāṭīnu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Sippar-Yahrurum (mod. Tell Abu Habbah) [121]

Susa (mod. Shush) [85]

Tall-I Takht (mod. Pasargadae) [10]

Udannu (mod. uncertain) [1]

Ur (mod. Tell Muqayyar) [40]

Uruk (mod. Warka) [478]

uncertain (mod. Behistun) [4]

uncertain (mod. El-Khargeh) [1]

uncertain (mod. Faqous) [1]

uncertain (mod. Gherla Romania) [1]

uncertain (mod. Išān Hāfudh) [3]

uncertain (mod. Kabret) [1]

uncertain (mod. Lahir) [1]

uncertain (mod. Māhān) [1]

uncertain (mod. Mount Elvend) [2]

uncertain (mod. Naqš-i-Rustam) [6]

uncertain (mod. Nar-Madanu) [1]

uncertain (mod. Qaṭibat) [2]

uncertain (mod. Suez) [1]

uncertain (mod. Tell el-Maskuta) [1]

uncertain (mod. Thebes) [1]

uncertain (mod. Til-Buri) [1]

uncertain (mod. uncertain) [287]

unclear [818]

Neo-Elamite

Hellenistic

Parthian

Modern

Early Neo-Babylonian

Sassanian

Unknown