People, Gods & Places

A

Adad (deity)

Weather god, of storms and beneficial rains (Sum. Iškur PGP ). For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/ikur/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Adad-apla-iddina (person)

"Adad has given an heir"; king of Babylon PGP  (r. 1068-1047 BC). For further details, see this ruler's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon2/rulers/adadaplaiddina/index.html] essentials page.

Adad-šuma-uṣur (person)

"O Adad, protect the name!"; an exorcist of the Assyrian king Esarhaddon [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/neoassyrianhistoryoverview/esarhaddon680669bc/index.html], father of Urad-Gula PGP .

Akkad (place)

An ancient name for northern Babylonia.

Amurru (place)

An ancient name for the land west of the river Tigris.

An(u) (deity)

The sky-god, worshipped especially in Uruk. For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/an/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Anšar (deity)

Primordial god. For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/anarandkiar/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Anunnaku (deity)

A collective name for the gods of the netherworld. For further details, see this group of gods' [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/anunna/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Asari (deity)

A variant name for the god Marduk PGP .

AŠimbabbara (deity)

A variant name for the moon-god PGP .

Aššur (place)

An Assyrian city on the river Tigris, the original capital and ancestral home of the Assyrian royal family and many Assyrian nobles, now Qalat Sherqat.

Aššur-ahu-iddina (person)

"Aššur has given a brother" (= Esarhaddon); king of Assyria PGP  (r. 680-669 BC). For further details, see the RINAP 4 sub-project [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/neoassyrianhistoryoverview/esarhaddon680669bc/index.html] of the Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period (RINAP) [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/index.html] project.

B

Babilayu (people)

"Babylonian"; the people of Babylonia (modern southern Iraq).

Babili (place)

Ancient Babylon, the most important city of Babylonia, near the modern city of Hilla.

Babilim (place)

See Babylon PGP .

Badsiabba (place)

A variant writing for Borsippa PGP .

Barsipa (place)

Borsippa, a Babylonian city southwest of Babylon PGP ; now Birs Nimrud.

Bel (deity)

"Lord"; a name of Marduk PGP .

Binduku (deity)

"Son of Duku ('Pure Mound')"; a variant name of the god Marduk PGP .

Bit-Karziabku (place)

Settlement in the (eastern) Babylonian province of Namar.

D

Dagan (deity)

A grain god from the eastern Mediterranean, also known as Dagon or Daguna. For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/dagan/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Der (place)

A city in northeastern Babylonia, now Tell Aqar.

Dumuduku (deity)

"Son of Duku ('Pure Mound')"; a variant name of the god Marduk PGP .

Duranki (place)

"Bond of Heaven and Earth"; another name for Nippur PGP .

E

Ebabbar (place)

"Shining House"; the temple of the sun-god PGP  at Sippar PGP .

Egalmah (place)

"Exalted Palace"; the temple of Gula PGP  at Isin.

Eganunmah (place)

"House, Exalted Storehouse"; treasury of the moon-god PGP  at Ur PGP .

Ekišnugal (place)

The temple of the moon-god PGP  at Ur PGP .

Ekitušhegaltila (place)

"House, Abode of Life-Giving Abundance"; the temple of the storm-god PGP  at Babylon PGP .

Elam (place)

Empire in the east of Babylonia (modern Iran).

Elamtu (place)

Akkadian name for Elam PGP .

Elamu (people)

"Elamite"; people of Elam PGP .

Emeteursaga (place)

"House, Worthy of the Hero"; a cella of Zababa PGP  in his sanctuary at Kiš.

EN.DIŠ.DIŠ (deity)

Unknown (name of a) deity.

Enamhe (place)

"House of Plenty"; temple of the storm-god PGP  at Babylon PGP .

Enlil (deity)

Head of the Sumerian pantheon and one of the most important gods in Neo-Babylonian times. For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/enlil/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Enlil-nadin-ahi (person)

"Enlil (is) giver of a brother"; king of Babylon, last king of the Kassite Dynasty.

Enlil-nadin-apli (person)

"Enlil (is) giver of an heir"; king of Babylon PGP  (r. 1103-1000 BC). For further details, see this ruler's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon2/rulers/enlilnadinapli/index.html] essentials page.

Enmeduranki (person)

A mythical king of Sippar.

Eridu(g) (place)

A district of Babylon PGP .

Erra (deity)

God of famine and pestilence. For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/erra/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Eru(a) (deity)

A goddess; consort of Marduk PGP  and mother of Nabu PGP .

Esagil (place)

"House Whose Top is High"; the temple of Marduk PGP  at Babylon PGP .

Ešguzida (place)

A variant name for Esagil, the temple of Marduk PGP  at Babylon PGP .

Ezida (place)

"True House"; the temple of Nabu PGP  at Borsippa PGP .

G

Gula (deity)

Sumerian "Great One"; goddess of healing, identified with the Goat Star (Lyra). For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/gulaninkarrak/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

H

Hulteludiš (person)

King of Elam PGP ; defeated by Nebuchadnezzar I PGP .

Huṣabu (person)

Ancestor of Nabu-šumu-lišir PGP .

I

Igigi (deity)

A collective name for the gods of heaven. For further details, see this group of gods' [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/igigi/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Imgur-Enlil (place)

"The God Enlil Showed Favor"; the great, inner wall of Babylon PGP .

Inana (deity)

Sumerian name for Ištar PGP .

Innina (deity)

Variant writing of Inana PGP ?

Iškur (deity)

Sumerian name for the weather god PGP .

Ištar (deity)

Goddess of war, love and beauty who was worshipped in many Assyrian and Babylonian cities (Sum. Inana PGP ). For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/inanaitar/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Itti-Marduk-balaṭu (person)

"With Marduk (there is) life"; king of Babylon PGP  (r. 1139-1132 BC). For further details, see this ruler's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon2/rulers/ittimardukbalatu/index.html] essentials page.

K

Kandalanu (person)

King of Babylon (r. 647-627 BC).

Kar-Dur-Apil-Sin (place)

A Babylonian town.

Kaššu (people)

Ancient name of a group of people (the Kassites) whose rulers gained control over Babylonia in the second half of the second millennium BC (that is, the "Kassite Dynasty").

Kasulim (place)

"Gate of Radiance"; a cella of Marduk PGP  in his temple Esagil PGP  at Babylon PGP .

Kiʾengir (place)

Sumerian name for Sumer PGP .

Kudur-nanhundi (person)

The King of Elam PGP  who defeated Babylonia at the end of the Kassite Dynasty, plundered it, and carried off a statue of its city-god Marduk PGP  to Susa.

L

Lugaldimmeranki (deity)

A variant name for Marduk PGP .

Lullubu (place)

Ancient name of a land and its people in the Zagros mountains.

M

Marduk (deity)

The supreme god of Babylon PGP , where he was worshipped at the temple Esagil PGP ; father of the god Nabu PGP  and consort of the goddess Zarpanitu. For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/marduk/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Marduk-kabit-ahhešu (person)

"Marduk PGP  (is) (the most?) important among his brothers"; king of Babylon PGP  (r. 1157-1140 BC). For further details, see this ruler's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon2/rulers/mardukkabitahheshu/index.html] essentials page.

Marduk-nadin-ahhe (person)

"Marduk PGP  (is) giver of brothers"; king of Babylon PGP  (r. 1099-1082 BC). For further details, see this ruler's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon2/rulers/marduknadinahhe/index.html] essentials page.

Marduk-šapik-zeri (person)

"Marduk PGP  (is) the outpourer of seed"; king of Babylon PGP  (r. 1081-1069 BC). For further details, see this ruler's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon2/rulers/mardukshapikzeri/index.html] essentials page.

Mudugasa (deity)

A variant name for the god Nabu PGP .

N

Nabu (deity)

God of wisdom and patron of scribes, son of Babylon's tutelary god Marduk PGP . For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/nabu/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Nabu-kudurri-uṣur (person)

"O Nabu PGP , protect my offspring!" (= Nebuchadnezzar I); king of Babylon PGP  (r. 1125-1104 BC). For further details, see this ruler's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon2/rulers/nebuchadnezzari/index.html] essentials page.

Nabu-šumu-libur (person)

"O Nabu PGP , may (my) progeny stay in good health!"; king of Babylon PGP  (r. 1033-1026 BC). For further details, see this ruler's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon2/rulers/nabushumulibur/index.html] essentials page.

Nabu-šumu-lišir (person)

"O Nabu PGP , may the name prosper!"; scribe in the reign of Kandalanu PGP , son of Huṣabu PGP .

Namtar (deity)

"Fate"; a god of the netherworld.

Nanna (deity)

Sumerian name for the moon-god PGP .

Nannaru (deity)

The moon-god; the moon (cf. also AŠimbabbara PGP , Nanna PGP , Suen PGP , Usakar PGP ). For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/nannasuen/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Napsameni (person)

Overseer of the diviners and nêšakku-official of the god Enlil PGP  under the reign of Marduk-šapik-zeri PGP .

Nemed-Marduk

"Bulwark of the God Marduk PGP "; the outer wall of Nippur PGP .

Ninisina (deity)

Patron deity of the city of Isin; goddess of healing (cf. also Gula PGP ). For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/ninisinna/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Ninlil (deity)

Wife of the god Enlil PGP . For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/ninlil/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Ninurta-nadin-šumi (person)

"Ninurta (is) giver of progeny"; king of Babylon PGP  (r. 1131-1126 BC). For further details, see this ruler's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon2/rulers/ninurtanadinshumi/index.html] essentials page.

Nippur (place)

A city of central Babylonia, near modern Nuffar.

Nungal (deity)

A Sumerian writing for the Igigi-gods PGP .

P

Purattu (place)

An ancient name for the Euphrates River.

S

Sippar (place)

A northern Babylonian city, now Abu Habba.

Suen (deity)

Sumerian name for the moon-god PGP .

Sumer (place)

An ancient name for the south of Babylonia.

Š

Šamaš (deity)

The sun-god; god of justice; the sun (Sum. Utu PGP ). For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/utu/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Šamaš-killanni (person)

A servant of Marduk-nadin-ahhe PGP .

Šazu (deity)

A variant name of the god Marduk PGP .

Šitti-Marduk (person)

Chief of Bit-Karziabku PGP , who helped Nebuchadnezzar I PGP  to defeat the Elamites PGP .

Šuanna (place)

A district of Babylon PGP  located north of the Uraš Gate and south of Esagil PGP  and Etemenanki.

Šuzianna (deity)

A goddess, sister of the god Anšar PGP .

T

Tašmetu (deity)

The consort of Nabu PGP , the god of wisdom.

Tintir (place)

A district of Babylon PGP .

U

Ulaya (place)

Name of a river in Elam, possibly the Karhe.

Unumah (place)

"Exalted Seat"; part of the Ekur-temple at Nippur PGP .

Uqnu (place)

Name of a river in the border region between Babylonia and Elam, possibly the Karun.

Urad-Gula (person)

Son of Adad-šuma-uṣur PGP ; an exorcist of the Assyrian king Esarhaddon [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/neoassyrianhistoryoverview/esarhaddon680669bc/index.html].

Uri (place)

Sumerian name for Akkad PGP .

Urim (place)

Sumerian name for Ur PGP .

Uru (place)

Ur: A city in southern Babylonia, now Tell Muqayyar.

Usakar (deity)

A variant (Sumerian) name for the moon-god PGP .

Utu (deity)

Sumerian name for the sun-god PGP .

X

X-annigal (deity)

A variant name for Marduk PGP .

Z

Zababa (deity)

Patron deity of Kiš, a warrior god. For further details, see this deity's [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/zababa/index.html] essentials page on Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/].

Zababa-šuma-iddina (person)

"Zababa has given progeny"; king of Babylon (r. 1158), second-last ruler of the Kassite Dynasty.

Zimbir (place)

Sumerian name for Sippar PGP .