Inscriptions, Part 2 (nos. 116-126)

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Esarhaddon 116   Esarhaddon 117   Esarhaddon 118   Esarhaddon 119   Esarhaddon 120   Esarhaddon 121   Esarhaddon 122   Esarhaddon 123   Esarhaddon 124   Esarhaddon 125   Esarhaddon 126  

At least one Babylon Inscription of Esarhaddon is known from a draft or archival copy written in Neo-Assyrian script on a clay tablet (presumably) discovered at Nineveh. Two, or possibly three, fragments of that large, single-column tablet have been identified in the Kuyunjik Collections of the British Museum (London). Two of the pieces are edited as this text and a third fragment is tentatively edited separately as text no. 117; see the commentary below. In a similar fashion to text nos. 108 (Babylon G) and 109 (Babylon G), this inscription records some of the earliest stages of the work at Babylon, principally the preparation of bricks and the laying of the foundations of Marduk's temple Esagil ("House Whose Top is High") and ziqqurat Etemenanki ("House, Foundation of Heaven and Netherworld"). Like text no. 108, it also describes in detail the criminal and sinful behavior of the citizens of Babylon that made Marduk decide to abandon and destroy his beloved city and temple. Despite the tablet's fragmentary state of preservation, it is assumed that the scribe who inscribed it did not include a date of composition. Nevertheless, based on similarities with text nos. 108 and 109 and the fact that the building report is short and primarily concerns itself with the preparatory and early stages of construction, it is generally assumed that this inscription was composed early in Esarhaddon's reign, perhaps in late 678 BC or 677 BC, or possibly even as late as 676 BC; see Novotny, JCS 67 (2015) pp. 154–155. This text is commonly referred to as Babylon B (Bab. B) and it is edited with the Babylon Inscriptions, rather than with other inscriptions known only from tablet copies, since it duplicates texts (reportedly) from Babylon.

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003345] of Esarhaddon 116.

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Bibliography

• Meissner and Rost 1898 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#meissnerandrost1898], pp. 240–247 and 284 (edition)
• Luckenbill 1927 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#luckenbill1927], pp. 249–252 §§659A–C (translation)
• Bauer 1933 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#bauer1933], p. 70 (transliteration)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], pp. 10–15, 17–22 and 24 §11 (Bab. B) (edition)
• Vera Chamaza 2002 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#verachamaza2002], pp. 317–318, 330–332, 402, 412 and 415, nos. 76, 78, 85, 146, 154 and 157 (1′–19′, rev. 10–11a, 15–26, edition)

• Meissner and Rost 1898 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#meissnerandrost1898], pp. 311–313 and 357–359 (copy)
• Bauer 1933 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#bauer1933], pl. 41 (copy)

• Bezold 1889 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#bezold1889], p. 50 (study)
• Bezold 1891 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#bezold1891], p. 638 (study)
• Millard 1973 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#millard1973], p. 119 (study)
• Brinkman 1983 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#brinkman1983], pp. 35–42 (study)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], p. 186 (study)
• De Meis 2003-2004 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#demeis2003-2004], pp. 346–347 (rev. 2–4, study)
• Novotny 2015 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#novotny2015b], pp. 145-168, esp. 154-155 (study)

A small fragment from the obverse face of a clay tablet (presumably) discovered at Nineveh preserves part of a draft or archival copy of one of Esarhaddon's Babylon Inscriptions and could belong to the same object as the two fragments comprising text no. 116 (Babylon B). Because there is a gap of uncertain length between the two texts, no physical join is possible and, therefore, the contents of the pieces are tentatively edited separately. The extant contents of this inscription duplicate (but with variation) text no. 109 (Babylon G) and, therefore, it was probably composed near the start of Esarhaddon's reign, perhaps in late 678 BC, sometime in 677 BC, or perhaps in 676 BC; see Novotny, JCS 67 (2015) pp. 154–155. Since this text could be part of the same inscription as text no. 116, it is edited with the Babylon Inscriptions, rather than with other inscriptions known only from tablet copies.

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003346] of Esarhaddon 117.

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Bibliography

• Millard 1973 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#millard1973], pl. XIV (copy)

• Bezold 1896 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#bezold1896], p. 1818 (study)
• Millard 1973 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#millard1973], p. 119 (study)
• Borger 1975 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1975], p. 18 (study)
• Brinkman 1983 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#brinkman1983], pp. 35–43 (study)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], p. 186 (study)
• Novotny 2015 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#novotny2015b], pp. 145-168, esp. 154-155 (study)

A monumental lapis lazuli cylinder seal from Babylon has inscribed upon it two, or more likely three, inscriptions written in Akkadian. The longest records the dedication of the object to the god Marduk by Esarhaddon. This text is commonly referred to as Babylon H (Bab. H).

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Bibliography

• Delitzsch 1900 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#delitzsch1900], pp. 11–13 (translation)
• Weissbach 1903 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#weissbach1903], no. 7 (edition)
• Koldewey 1911 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1911], p. 48 (Inscription A, translation)
• Koldewey 1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1925], p. 216 (Inscription A, translation)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], p. 29 §12 (Bab. H) (edition)
• Schmidt 1957 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#schmidt1957], p. 57 (partial translation of inscription A)
• Meyer 1962 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#meyer1962], p. 104 (translation)
• Boehmer 1975 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#boehmer1975], p. 362 (translation)
• Watanabe 1985 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#watanabe1985], pp. 390–391 (edition)
• Collon 1987 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#collon1987], no. 563 (translation)
• Galter 1987 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#galter1987], p. 30 no. 82 (edition)
• Wittmann 1992 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wittmann1992], pp. 270–271 no. 121 (edition)
• Watanabe 1994 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#watanabe1994], p. 242 no. 2.2 (edition)
• Frame 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#frame1995], pp. 165–166 B.6.31.1 (edition)

• Delitzsch 1900 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#delitzsch1900], fig. 2 (drawing of figure)
• Weissbach 1903 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#weissbach1903], no. 7 (copy, drawing of figure)
• Koldewey 1911 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1911], pl. 8 fig. 75 photo [inscription not visible])
• Koldewey 1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1925], 217 fig. 134 (drawing of figure)
• Wetzel 1957 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzeletal1957], pls. 43a–d and 44a (photo, copy)
• Boehmer 1975 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#boehmer1975], fig. 108b (copy)
• Borger 1975 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1975], no. 170 (photo [inscription not visible])
• Watanabe 1985 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#watanabe1985], p. 390 (copy)
• Collon 1987 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#collon1987], no. 563 (copy)
• Rost 1987 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#rost1987], p. 100 fig. 114 (photo [inscription not visible])
• Tallon 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#tallon1995], p. 75 no. 117 (photo)
• Klengel-Brandt 2008 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#klengel-brandt2008], p. 210 no. 146 (photo)
• Maul 2008 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#maul2008], fig. 116 (photo)
• Finkel and Seymour 2009 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#finkelandseymour2009], p. 96 fig. 79 (photo)

• Koldewey 1900 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1900], pp. 4–6 (provenance, study) (a, b, c)
• Koldewey 1911 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1911], pp. 46–48 (provenance)
• Unger 1924-1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1924-1925], p. 22 no. 6 (study)
• Koldewey 1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1925], pp. 215–216 (provenance)
• Wetzel 1957 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzeletal1957], pp. 32 and 36–37 no. 14 (provenance, study)
• Meyer 1962 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#meyer1962], p. 104 (study)
• Opificius 1957-1971 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#opificius1971], pp. 579–580 (study)
• Boehmer 1975 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#boehmer1975], pp. 343 (study)
• Borger 1975 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1975], no. 170 (study)
• Gelb 1977 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#gelb1977], pp. 109–110, 112, 121 and 125 sub nos. XX and XXX (study)
• Watanabe 1985 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#watanabe1985], pp. 390–391 (study)
• Collon 1987 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#collon1987], no. 563 (study)
• Galter 1987 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#galter1987], pp. 13 and 15 (study)
• Wittmann 1992 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wittmann1992], pp. 270–271 no. 121 (study)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], p. 187 (study)
• Klengel-Brandt 2008 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#klengelbrandt2008], p. 210 no. 146 (study)
• Maul 2008 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#maul2008], p. 185 no. 85 (study)
• Finkel and Seymour 2009 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#finkelandseymour2009], p. 96 fig. 79 (study)

A few bricks from Babylon have an Akkadian inscription stamped upon them which states that Esarhaddon had paved the processional way of Esagil and Babylon for the god Marduk. This text is commonly referred to as Babylon I (Bab. I).

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003348] of Esarhaddon 119.

Sources [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/sources/P450512,P450513,P450514,P450596]

Bibliography

• Koldewey 1911 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1911], pp. 49 and 72 no. 9 (ex. 1, edition by Weissbach)
• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 38 no. A.I.a (exs. 1–2, 4, edition)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], p. 30 §13 (Bab. I) (exs. 1–2, edition)
• Trenkwalder 1985 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#trenkwalder1985], p. 38 (edition)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], p. 54 no. I, nos. 1–2 (transliteration)
• Frame 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#frame1995], pp. 166–167 B.6.31.2 (exs. 1–4, edition)

• Koldewey 1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1925], p. 204 fig. 126 (ex. 1, photo)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], fig. 1 (ex. 3, copy)

• Koldewey 1900-1901 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1900-1901], pp. 22–23 and 23 n. ** (ex. 1, provenance, study)
• Unger 1924-1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1924-1925], p. 21 no. 5 (ex. 1, study)
• Koldewey 1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1925], pp. 202–203 (ex. 1, study)
• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], pp. 86–87 (exs. 1–2, 4, provenance)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], p. 54 no. I, nos. 1–2 and fig. 1 (exs. 2–3, study)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], pp. 187–188 (exs. 1, 2, 4 and possibly 3, study)

This Akkadian inscription is dedicated to the god Marduk by Esarhaddon and records the making of baked bricks for work on the Esagil temple and Babylon. This text is commonly referred to as Babylon J (Bab. J).

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003349] of Esarhaddon 120.

Sources [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/sources/P450515,P450516,P450517]

Bibliography

• Unger 1931 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1931], p. 280 no. 21 (ex. 1, translation)
• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 38 no. A.I.b (exs. 1–3, edition)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], p. 30 §14 (Bab. J) (exs. 1–3, edition)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], p. 56 no. IV, no. 8 (transliteration)
• Frame 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#frame1995], pp. 167–168 B.6.31.3 (exs. 1–3, edition)

• Koldewey 1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1925], p. 205 fig. 127 (ex. 1, photo)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], fig. 4 (ex. 2, copy)

• Unger 1924-1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1924-1925], p. 21 no. 4 (ex. 1, study)
• Koldewey 1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1925], pp. 86 [correct 38940 to 39840] and 203 (ex. 1, study)
• Unger 1931 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1931], p. 167 (ex. 1, study)
• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], pp. 86–87 (exs. 1–3, provenance)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], p. 56 no. IV, no. 8 (ex. 2, study)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], p. 188 (exs. 1–3, study)

An Akkadian inscription which is stamped on numerous bricks from Babylon and which is dedicated to the god Marduk states that Esarhaddon had baked bricks made for the Esagil temple and its ziqqurat Etemenanki ("House, Foundation of Heaven and Netherworld"). The inscription comes in three versions (text nos. 121–123), which are distinguished by their varying line arrangement and orthography. This text is commonly referred to as Babylon K (Bab. K).

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003350] of Esarhaddon 121.

Sources [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/sources/P450518,P450519,P450520,P450521]

Bibliography

• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 38 no. A.I.c (exs. 1–4, edition)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], p. 30 §15 (Bab. K) (exs. 1–4, edition)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], pp. 55–56 no. III, no. 7 (transliteration)
• Frame 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#frame1995], pp. 168–169 B.6.31.4 (exs. 1–4, edition)

• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], fig. 3 (ex. 1, copy)

• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], pp. 86–87 (exs. 1–4, provenance)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], pp. 55–56 no. III, no. 7 (ex. 1, study)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], p. 188 (exs. 1–4, study)

What is basically a duplicate of the previous inscription is found stamped on several other bricks from Babylon. This text is also commonly referred to as Babylon K (Bab. K).

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003351] of Esarhaddon 122.

Sources [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/sources/P450522,P450523,P450524,P450525,P450526,P450527,P450528]

Bibliography

• Oppert 1863 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#oppert1863], pp. 180–181 (ex. 7, translation; erroneously referred to as no. 6 on 1 R pl. 48)
• Ménant 1874 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#menant1874], p. 247 (ex. 7, translation)
• Ménant 1875 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#menant1875], p. 167 (ex. 7, translation)
• Meissner and Rost 1898 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#meissnerandrost1898], pp. 260–261 (ex. 7, edition)
• Luckenbill 1927 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#luckenbill1927], p. 286 §760 (ex. 7, translation)
• Unger 1931 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1931], p. 280 no. 21 (ex. 7, translation)
• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 38 no. A.I.d (exs. 1–4, edition)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], p. 30 §15 (Bab. K) (exs. 1–4, 7, edition)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], pp. 54–55 no. II, nos. 3–6 (transliteration)
• Frame 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#frame1995], pp. 169–170 B.6.31.5 (exs. 1–7, edition)
• Vera Chamaza 2002 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#verachamaza2002], p. 416 no. 159 (exs. 1–4, 7, edition)

• Rawlinson and Norris 1861 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#rawlinson-norris1861], pl. 48 no. 9 (ex. 7, copy in type)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], fig. 2 (ex. 1, copy)

• Bezold 1886 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#bezold1886], p. 107 §61.4.i (ex. 7, study)
• Unger 1924-1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1924-1925], p. 22 no. 8 (ex. 7, study)
• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], pp. 86–87 (exs. 1–4, provenance)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], pp. 54–55 no. II, nos. 3–6 (exs. 1, 3, 5–6, study)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], p. 188 (exs. 1–4, study)

This Akkadian inscription stamped on a brick from Babylon is basically a duplicate of the two previous inscriptions. This text is also commonly referred to as Babylon K (Bab. K).

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003352] of Esarhaddon 123.

Source

Bibliography

• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 39 no. A.I.e (edition)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], p. 30 §15 (Bab. K) (edition)
• Frame 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#frame1995], p. 170 B.6.31.6 (edition)

• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], pp. 86–87 (provenance)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], p. 188 (study)

A brick from Babylon bears a stamped Akkadian inscription stating that Esarhaddon had Etemenanki (the ziqqurat at Babylon) restored. This text is commonly referred to as Babylon L (Bab. L).

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003353] of Esarhaddon 124.

Source

Bibliography

• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 39 A.I.f (edition)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], p. 30 §16 (Bab. L) (edition)
• Frame 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#frame1995], p. 171 B.6.31.7 (edition)

• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 86 (provenance)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], p. 188 (study)

A text written in Akkadian and inscribed upon a brick from Babylon records the fact that Esarhaddon had baked bricks made for the ziqqurat Etemenanki (name not fully preserved). This text is commonly referred to as Babylon M (Bab. M).

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003354] of Esarhaddon 125.

Source

Bibliography

• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 39 no. A.I.g (edition)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], p. 30 §17 (Bab. M) (edition)
• Frame 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#frame1995], pp. 171–172 B.6.31.8 (edition)

• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], pp. 86–87 (provenance)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], p. 188 (study)

A Sumerian inscription inscribed upon several bricks from Babylon states that Esarhaddon had (re)built Etemenanki for the god Asari (Marduk). This inscription was later seen and copied onto a clay tablet that belonged to one Šamaš-nāṣir. This text is commonly referred to as Babylon N (Bab. N).

Access the composite text [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/Q003355] of Esarhaddon 126.

Sources [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/sources/P450532,P450533,P450534,P450535,P450536,P257579,P450537,P450538]

Bibliography

• Wetzel 1910 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzel1910b], pp. 20–21 (ex. 2, translation)
• Koldewey 1911 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1911], p. 71 no. 8 (ex. 1, edition by Weissbach)
• Unger 1931 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1931], p. 280 no. 20 (ex. 1, translation)
• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 39 A.I.h (exs. 1–5, edition)
• Borger 1956 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#borger1956], p. 30 §18 (Bab. N) (exs. 1–6, 8, edition)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], pp. 56–57 no. V (ex. 7, transliteration)
• Frame 1995 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#frame1995], pp. 172–173 B.6.31.9 (exs. 1–8, edition)

• Hilprecht 1896 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#hilprecht1896], pl. 69 no. 151 (ex. 6, copy)
• Thureau-Dangin 1922 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#thureaudangin1922], pp. 84–85 no. 38 (ex. 8, copy)
• Koldewey 1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1925], fig. 116 (ex. 2, photo)

• Harper 1888-1889 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#harper1888-1889], p. 75 (ex. 6, study)
• Wetzel 1910 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzel1910b], pp. 20–21 (ex. 2, provenance)
• Koldewey 1911 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1911], p. 31 (ex. 1, provenance)
• Thureau-Dangin 1922 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#thureaudangin1922], pp. 84–85 no. 38 (ex. 8, study)
• Unger 1924-1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1924-1925], p. 22 no. 7 (exs. 1–2, 8, study)
• Koldewey 1925 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#koldewey1925], pp. 182–183 (ex. 2, study)
• Unger 1931 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#unger1931], p. 194 (ex. 1, study)
• Wetzel and Weissbach 1938 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#wetzelandweissbach1938], p. 16 and pl. 6 (ex. 2, provenance), pp. 86–87 (exs. 1–5, provenance)
• Behrens 1985 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#behrens1985], p. 244 no. 81 (ex. 6, study)
• Marzahn 1989 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#marzahn1989], pp. 56–57, no. 9 (ex. 7, study)
• Porter 1993 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/bibliography/index.html#porter1993a], pp. 188–189 (exs. 1–5, study)

Erle Leichty & Jamie Novotny

Erle Leichty & Jamie Novotny, 'Inscriptions, Part 2 (nos. 116-126)', RIBo, Babylon 6: The Inscriptions of the Period of the Uncertain Dynasties, The RIBo Project, a sub-project of MOCCI, 2018 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ribo/babylon6/periodofassyriandomination/esarhaddon/inscriptionspart2/]