Royal Women

2001   2002  

2001 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap3/Q004088/]

This text is written on a stele found in one of the rows of steles at Aššur. The inscription was deliberately mutilated in antiquity and, therefore, is difficult to read. Despite this, the text appears to record the name of a woman attached to Sennacherib. One of the king's wives — Tašmētu-šarrat, Naqīʾa (Zakūtu), or another woman whose name is not otherwise attested (see the on-page note to line 2) — is generally thought to have been the owner of this stele; the difficult-to-read traces in line 2 do not seem to fit the names of Tašmētu-šarrat, Naqīʾa, or Zakūtu. Recently, E. Frahm and E. Weissert have proposed that the object belonged to the mother of Sennacherib and they suggest that we should read the name as Raʾīmâ (meaning "beloved"), a suggestion that is tentatively followed here. For further information on the identity of the woman whose name is written on this stele and the circumstances surrounding its defacement, see Frahm, Sanherib pp. 184–185 I.2; Frahm, Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem pp. 179–180; Liverani in Lippolis, Sennacherib Wall Reliefs p. 16 and n. 109; Radner, Studies Fales p. 694; and Reade, Studies Larsen p. 463.

Access Sennacherib 2001 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap3/Q004088/]

Source:

VA Ass 01203 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/sources/P466959/] (Ass 16043)

Bibliography

1913 Andrae, Stelenreihen pp. 9–10 and pl. X no. 4 (photo, copy, edition)
1916 Streck, Asb. p. CCXVII and n. 4 (study)
1988 Borger, ARRIM 6 p. 6 (study)
1991 Grayson, CAH2 3/2 p. 138 n. 163 (study)
1997 Frahm, Sanherib pp. 184–185 I.2 (study)
1997 Pedersén, Katalog p. 59 (study)
1999 Melville, SAAS 9 pp. 18–19 (study)
2004 Reade, Studies Larsen p. 463 (transliteration, study)
2005 Dalley in Gruen, Cultural Borrowings p. 17 n. 36 (study)
2011 Liverani in Lippolis, Sennacherib Wall Reliefs p. 16 and n. 109 (study)
2012 Radner, Studies Fales p. 694 (study)
2013 Kertai, AoF 40 p. 117 (study)
2014 Frahm, Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem pp. 179 and 214 (edition, study)
2014 Melville in Chavalas, Women in the Ancient Near East p. 233 (translation, study)

2002 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap3/Q004089/]

Two ring-handled, "Canaanite-style" alabaster amphoras found at Aššur have a short label written on them stating that they belonged to Tašmētu-šarrat, a wife of Sennacherib.

Access Sennacherib 2002 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/rinap3/Q004089/]

Sources [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/sources/P466960,P466961]:

(1) VA Ass 02255 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/sources/P466960/] (Ass 00185)      (2) Ist EŞEM 04622 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/rinap/sources/P466961/] (Ass 00218 + Ass 00219)

Commentary

Both amphoras (Onasch's type 182, "Canaanite-style" ring-handled amphora) are inscribed with the same text. Note, however, that ex. 1 divides the text into two lines, whereas the inscription is written in a single line on ex. 2. The line count of the edition follows ex. 2. Because both inscriptions are fully preserved and there are no variants, no score is provided on the CD-ROM. An image of a scorpion is incised on both amphoras, on the shoulder near the inscription. It has long been thought that the scorpion represented the Assyrian queen, much like the image of the lion represents the Assyrian king. For a recent study of the image of the scorpion, with references to previous literature, see Niederreiter, Iraq 70 (2008) pp. 59–62; and Radner, Studies Fales pp. 690–693.

Bibliography

1904 Andrae, MDOG 21 p. 12 (provenance)
1911 Messerschmidt, KAH 1 pp. XI and 49* no. 50 (ex. 2, copy)
1924 Luckenbill, Senn. pp. 21 and 152 I28 (ex. 2, edition)
1927 Luckenbill, ARAB 2 p. 194 §472 (ex. 2, translation)
1937–39 van Buren, AfO 12 p. 26 (exs. 1–2, study)
1940 von Bissing, ZA 46 pp. 153–155 no. 7 with figs. 7a–b (ex. 1, photo, edition)
1955 Preusser, Paläste pp. 22–23 and pls. 20a and c (exs. 1–2, photo, translation, study)
1977 Andrae, WEA2 pp. 230–231 and fig. 207 (ex. 1, photo, study)
1988 Borger, ARRIM 6 p. 6 (exs. 1–2, study)
1997 Frahm, Sanherib p. 184 I.1 (exs. 1–2, study)
1997 Pedersén, Katalog p. 17 (exs. 1–2, study)
2003 Orlamünde in Marzahn and Salje, Wiedererstehendes Assur p. 141 with figs. 2–3 (ex. 1, photo, study)
2008 Niederreiter, Iraq 70 pp. 59, 60 fig. 8, and 82 II.a.4–5 (ex. 1 drawing; exs. 1–2, edition, study)
2008 Pedde and Lundström, Palast pp. 67, 82 no. 160 and 83 no. 166 (exs. 1–2, study)
2010 Onasch, Alabastergefäße pp. 24 and 60–61 nos. 182-1 and 182-2 (ex. 1, photo; exs. 1–2, edition, study)
2012 Radner, Studies Fales p. 690 (exs. 1–2, study)
2014 Frahm, Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem p. 190 (exs. 1–2, study)
2014 Melville in Chavalas, Women in the Ancient Near East p. 233 (exs. 1–2, study)

A. Kirk Grayson & Jamie Novotny

A. Kirk Grayson & Jamie Novotny, 'Royal Women', RINAP 3: Sennacherib, The RINAP 3 sub-project of the RINAP Project, 2019 [http://oracc.org/rinap/rinap3/rinap32textintroductions/royalwomen/]

 
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